Factorial structure of the Community of Inquiry Survey in a South African open and distance e-learning environment

We aimed to determine the factor structure and reliability for Community of Inquiry Survey in a South African Open Distance e-Learning Environment. Participants were 572 honours students. Confirmatory analysis was performed factorial structures. Structural equation modelling yielded three-factor including perceptions teaching, social, cognitive presence. The scores total scale 0.96. structures had high internal consistency ranking from 0.90 0.95. appears valid student advisement support distance learning environment.